Racing continued at fairs and markets throughout the Middle Ages and into the reign of King James I of England. The Darley Arabian, one of the three traditional foundation sires of the Thoroughbred Beginnings in England Early racing įlat racing existed in England by at least 1174, when four-mile races took place at Smithfield, in London. For example, the Australian Stud Book, The New York Times, and the BBC do not capitalize the word. The term is a proper noun referring to this specific breed, though often not capitalized, especially in non-specialist publications, and outside the US. Nonetheless, breeders of other species of purebred animals may use the two terms interchangeably, though thoroughbred is less often used for describing purebred animals of other species. While the term probably came into general use because the English Thoroughbred's General Stud Book was one of the first breed registries created, in modern usage horse breeders consider it incorrect to refer to any animal as a thoroughbred except for horses belonging to the Thoroughbred breed. The term for any horse or other animal derived from a single breed line is purebred. The Thoroughbred is a distinct breed of horse, although people sometimes refer to a purebred horse of any breed as a thoroughbred. These artificial dates have been set to enable the standardization of races and other competitions for horses in certain age groups. Thoroughbreds born in the Northern Hemisphere are officially considered a year older on the first of January each year those born in the Southern Hemisphere officially are one year older on the first of August. Thoroughbreds are classified among the "hot-blooded" breeds, which are animals bred for agility and speed and are generally considered spirited and bold. Good-quality Thoroughbreds have a well-chiseled head on a long neck, high withers, a deep chest, a short back, good depth of hindquarters, a lean body, and long legs. Coat patterns that have more than one color on the body, such as Pinto or Appaloosa, are not recognized by mainstream breed registries. The face and lower legs may be marked with white, but white will generally not appear on the body. ![]() White is very rare, but is a recognized color separate from gray. Less common colors recognized in the United States include roan and palomino. ![]() They are most often bay, dark bay or brown, chestnut, black, or gray. The typical Thoroughbred ranges from 15.2 to 17.0 hands (62 to 68 inches, 157 to 173 cm) high, averaging 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm). There are several theories for the reasons behind the prevalence of accidents and health problems in the Thoroughbred breed, and research on the subject is ongoing. Other health concerns include low fertility, abnormally small hearts, and a small hoof-to-body-mass ratio. Thoroughbred racehorses perform with maximum exertion, which has resulted in high accident rates and health problems such as bleeding from the lungs. They are also commonly crossbred to create new breeds or to improve existing ones, and have been influential in the creation of the Quarter Horse, Standardbred, Anglo-Arabian, and various warmblood breeds. Thoroughbreds are used mainly for racing, but are also bred for other riding disciplines such as show jumping, combined training, dressage, polo, and fox hunting. Millions of Thoroughbreds exist today, and around 100,000 foals are registered each year worldwide. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Thoroughbred breed spread throughout the world they were imported into North America starting in 1730 and into Australia, Europe, Japan and South America during the 19th century. All modern Thoroughbreds can trace their pedigrees to three stallions originally imported into England in the 17th and 18th centuries, and to a larger number of foundation mares of mostly English breeding. The Thoroughbred, as it is known today, was developed in 17th- and 18th-century England, when native mares were crossbred with imported stallions of Arabian, Barb, and Turkoman breeding. Thoroughbreds are considered " hot-blooded" horses that are known for their agility, speed, and spirit. Although the word thoroughbred is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed. The Thoroughbred is a horse breed developed for horse racing.
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